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IMC

Quel est votre indice de masse corporelle (IMC)?

Votre indice de masse corporelle (IMC) est un nombre calculé à partir de votre poids et de votre taille. Ce n’est pas un calcul précis du pourcentage de graisse corporelle, mais un moyen facile de déterminer où votre poids se situe sur une échelle allant du risque faible à élevé de complications de santé.

Vous pouvez utiliser votre IMC comme point de départ d’une conversation avec votre médecin sur votre poids, votre santé et vos possibilités de prise en charge.

Il est important de noter que l’IMC est une mesure utile pour la plupart des personnes âgées de plus de 18 ans. Mais il ne s’agit que d’une estimation car il ne tient pas compte de l’âge, de l’origine ethnique, du sexe ni de la composition corporelle.

3 min. temps de lecture

Calculez votre IMC

Système métrique Système britannique
Système métrique / Système britannique

Calculer votre IMC

Entrez votre taille, votre poids et vérifier vos résultats dans le tableau ci-dessous. Cliquez sur les différentes classes d'IMC pour en savoir plus. 

ClassificationIMC
En sous poidsInférieur à 18.5
Normal18.5-24.9
Sur-poids25.0-29.9
Obésité30 et supérieur
Classe I30.0-34.9
Classe II35.0-39.9
Classe III40 et supérieur

*Ce calculateur d'IMC est destiné aux adultes de 20 ans ou plus. Si vous avez moins de 20 ans, parlez-en à votre médecin.

 

Pourquoi est-il important de connaître son IMC ?

L'IMC est un bon moyen de surveiller le risque de maladies liées à la graisse corporelle. Vivre avec un surpoids ou une obésité est associé à un risque accru de mortalité et d'autres maladies. De manière générale, plus l'IMC est élevé, plus le risque de développer d'autres maladies chroniques liées à l'obésité est important, notamment :

  • Diabète de type II
  • Maladie cardiovasculaire
  • Accident vasculaire cérébral
  • Hypertension artérielle
  • Infertilité
  • Dépression et anxiété
  • Maladie coronarienne
  • Dyslipidémie
  • Maladie du foie gras non alcoolique (NAFLD)/stéatohépatite non alcoolique (NASH)
  • Reflux gastro-oesophagien (RGO)
  • Syndrome métabolique (MetS)
  • Incontinence urinaire
  • Apnée obstructive du sommeil et problèmes respiratoires
  • Maladie rénale chronique
  • Divers types de cancer : notamment les cancers du sein, du côlon, de l'endomètre, de l'œsophage, du rein, de l'ovaire et du pancréas
  • Arthrose du genou
  • Maladie des calculs biliaires
  • Thrombose
  • Goutte
  • Risque accru de mortalité par rapport aux personnes ayant un IMC sain

Demandez à votre médecin plus d'informations sur l'une de ces maladies et sur leur lien avec votre IMC. Vous pouvez également en savoir plus sur les bénéfices d'avoir un IMC normal ici.

 

Quelles sont les limites de l'IMC ?

L'IMC est une mesure simple et objective, mais elle peut être trompeuse dans certains cas et pour certaines personnes. La recherche a montré que l'IMC est moins précis pour prédire le risque de maladie chez les personnes âgées, les athlètes, les personnes de grandes ou petites taille et celles qui ont des corps plus musclés. Par exemple, les athlètes d'élite ou les bodybuilders ont plus de muscle et pèsent plus, ce qui rend leur IMC plus élevé.

L'IMC ne prend pas non plus en compte :

  • Facteurs de risque héréditaires associés aux maladies liées à l'obésité, comme le syndrome métabolique
  • Facteurs environnementaux et liés au mode de vie autres que l'obésité qui peuvent contribuer à votre risque de développer une maladie chronique
  • Comment la graisse corporelle est distribuée chez les individus

Il est important de se rappeler que vivre avec une obésité ne signifie pas nécessairement que vous n'êtes pas en bonne santé, tout comme avoir un poids "normal" ne signifie pas que vous êtes en bonne santé. Votre IMC ne vous définit pas, mais connaître et comprendre votre IMC peut être un outil puissant pour prendre en charge votre propre santé.

Quel que soit votre IMC, les professionnels de la santé recommandent d'avoir une alimentation et un mode de vie sains. Discutez avec votre médecin de votre poids et de votre état de santé et évaluez les actions qui pourraient être nécessaires.

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